u (roof, heaven)
chû (space, sky)
gaku (study, learning, science)

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❖ Cosmology

u (roof, heaven)
chû (space, sky)
kan (outlook, view)

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❖ One's concept of the universe
❖ (See sekai-kan)

kaku.ri (conceal, hide, cover)
yo (world, society)

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❖ Hidden world of kami

nin (person)
gen (interval, space)
kan (outlook, view)

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❖ Concept of humankind

rei (spirits)
kon (soul, spirit)
kan (outlook, view)

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❖ Concept of kami

reki (passage of time)
shi (history, chronicle)
kan (outlook, view)

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❖ Concept of history

ta (other, the others)
kai (world)
kan (outlook, view)

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❖ Concept of the Otherworld(s)

Underworlds – Buddhist and shintô

i (uncommon, queerness, strangeness, wonderful, curious, unusual)
kai (world)

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❖ Spirit world, the next world

mei (dark)
do (soil, earth, ground)

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mei (dark)
do (route, way, road)

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❖ The Buddhist hell of those awaiting judgement
❖ (See emma-ô)

ji (ground, earth)
goku (prison, jail)

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❖ Buddhist hell for worst offenders

toko (regular)
yo (world, society)
tokoyo (eternal, unchanging)
no (possesive particle)
kuni (country)

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❖ World in which the purified spirits of the dead reside
❖ Not to be confused with yomi-no-kuni

yo (night, evening)
mi (see, hopes, chances)
no (possesive particle)
kuni (country)

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❖ Realm of the dead; the next world, the underworld, the netherworld
❖ (See yomi)

utsu.shi (present, existing, actual)
yo (world, society)
utsushiyo (present world; present age; transient world; life)

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❖ Visible world of ordinary life
❖ (Buddhist term)

ni (sun, day)
hon (origin, real, true)
nihon (sun origin)

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❖ Japan
❖ Also pronounced nippon (formal)

ô (great, large, big)
ya (eight)
shima (island)
kuni (country)

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❖ Poetical name for nihon
❖ Also called ôyashima

ô (great, large, big)
ya (eight)
shima (island)